@inproceedings {1851, title = {Latent Heat Loss of a Virtual Thermal Manikin for Evaluating the Thermal Performance of Bicycle Helmets}, booktitle = {Advances in Human Factors in Simulation and Modeling}, year = {2019}, pages = {66{\textendash}78}, publisher = {Springer International Publishing}, organization = {Springer International Publishing}, address = {Cham}, abstract = {Thermal performance of three bicycle helmets for latent heat loss was evaluated through a virtual testing methodology using Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The virtual thermal manikin was prescribed with a constant sweat rate of 2~g/h and a constant sweat film thickness of 0.3~mm. The simulations were carried out at 6~m/s until convergence was achieved. The results from steady state simulations show heat loss of 158~W from manikin without helmet and approximately 135~W with helmets. However, the thermal performance of helmets with a sweating manikin has been reduced from 89{\textendash}93{\%} to 84{\textendash}87{\%}. These results imply that evaporative/latent heat loss plays a significant role in thermal performance of helmets. Therefore, thermal performance tests for helmets should also include testing of helmets for evaporative heat loss.}, isbn = {978-3-319-94223-0}, author = {Mukunthan, Shriram and Jochen Vleugels and Toon Huysmans and Guido De Bruyne}, editor = {Cassenti, Daniel N.} }