@article {2453,
	title = {Longitudinal brain-age predictions comprising long-duration spaceflight missions},
	journal = {npj Microgravity},
	volume = {12},
	year = {2026},
	month = {Jan-12-2026},
	doi = {10.1038/s41526-026-00575-3},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41526-026-00575-3https://www.nature.com/articles/s41526-026-00575-3.pdfhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41526-026-00575-3https://www.nature.com/articles/s41526-026-00575-3.pdf},
	author = {Tang, Ge and Patil, Kaustubh R. and Hoffstaedter, Felix and More, Shammi and Eickhoff, Simon B. and Steven Jillings and Ben Jeurissen and Tomilovskaya, Elena and Gerlach, Darius and Nosikova, Inna and Riabova, Alexandra and Pechenkova, Ekaterina and Petrovichev, Viktor and Rukavishnikov, Ilya and Makovskaya, Lyudmila and Ombergen, Angelique Van and Wuyts, Floris L. and Eulenburg, Peter zu}
}
@article {2454,
	title = {MReye-Seg: development and validation of an automated MRI pipeline for standardised ocular and orbital morphometrics},
	journal = {Eye},
	volume = {39},
	year = {2025},
	month = {Jan-12-2025},
	pages = {3294 - 3305},
	issn = {0950-222X},
	doi = {10.1038/s41433-025-04044-1},
	url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-025-04044-1https://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-025-04044-1.pdfhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-025-04044-1.pdfhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41433-025-04044-1},
	author = {Tang, Ge and Ahmadi, Seyed-Ahmad and Steven Jillings and Ben Jeurissen and Tomilovskaya, Elena and Nosikova, Inna and Ryabova, Alexandra and Pechenkova, Ekaterina and Petrovichev, Viktor and Rukavishnikov, Ilya and Velten, Theresa and Gripshi, Marina and Van Ombergen, Angelique and Wuyts, Floris L. and zu Eulenburg, Peter}
}
@conference {2460,
	title = {Fixel-based analysis of multi-shell diffusion MRI reveals white matter changes after long-duration spaceflight},
	year = {2024},
	pages = {2057},
	author = {Ben Jeurissen and Steven Jillings and Giraldo, Diana L and Van Ombergen, Angelique and Tomilovskaya, Elena and Pechenkova, Ekaterina and Rukavishnikov, Ilya and Petrovichev, Victor and Sijbers, Jan and zu Eulenburg, Peter and Wuyts, Floris L}
}
@article {2074,
	title = {Macro- and microstructural changes in cosmonauts{\textquoteright} brains after long-duration spaceflight},
	journal = {Science Advances},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2020},
	month = {Apr-09-2020},
	pages = {eaaz9488},
	abstract = {Long-duration spaceflight causes widespread physiological changes, although its effect on brain structure remains poorly understood. In this work, we acquired diffusion magnetic resonance imaging to investigate alterations of white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compositions in each voxel, before, shortly after, and 7 months after long-duration spaceflight. We found increased WM in the cerebellum after spaceflight, providing the first clear evidence of sensorimotor neuroplasticity. At the region of interest level, this increase persisted 7 months after return to Earth. We also observe a widespread redistribution of CSF, with concomitant changes in the voxel fractions of adjacent GM. We show that these GM changes are the result of morphological changes rather than net tissue loss, which remained unclear from previous studies. Our study provides evidence of spaceflight-induced neuroplasticity to adapt motor strategies in space and evidence of fluid shift{\textendash}induced mechanical changes in the brain.},
	doi = {10.1126/sciadv.aaz9488},
	url = {https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/36/eaaz9488},
	author = {Steven Jillings and Angelique Van Ombergen and Tomilovskaya, Elena and Rumshiskaya, Alena and Litvinova, Liudmila and Nosikova, Inna and Pechenkova, Ekaterina and Rukavishnikov, Ilya and Kozlovskaya, Inessa B. and Manko, Olga and Danilichev, Sergey and Stefan Sunaert and Paul M Parizel and Valentin Sinitsyn and Petrovichev, Victor and Laureys, Steven and zu Eulenburg, Peter and Jan Sijbers and Floris L Wuyts and Ben Jeurissen}
}
@article {1964,
	title = {Alterations of Functional Brain Connectivity After Long-Duration Spaceflight as Revealed by fMRI.},
	journal = {Front Physiol},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {1-23},
	abstract = {<p>The present study reports alterations of task-based functional brain connectivity in a group of 11 cosmonauts after a long-duration spaceflight, compared to a healthy control group not involved in the space program. To elicit the postural and locomotor sensorimotor mechanisms that are usually most significantly impaired when space travelers return to Earth, a plantar stimulation paradigm was used in a block design fMRI study. The motor control system activated by the plantar stimulation involved the pre-central and post-central gyri, SMA, SII/operculum, and, to a lesser degree, the insular cortex and cerebellum. While no post-flight alterations were observed in terms of activation, the network-based statistics approach revealed task-specific functional connectivity modifications within a broader set of regions involving the activation sites along with other parts of the sensorimotor neural network and the visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems. The most notable findings included a post-flight increase in the stimulation-specific connectivity of the right posterior supramarginal gyrus with the rest of the brain; a strengthening of connections between the left and right insulae; decreased connectivity of the vestibular nuclei, right inferior parietal cortex (BA40) and cerebellum with areas associated with motor, visual, vestibular, and proprioception functions; and decreased coupling of the cerebellum with the visual cortex and the right inferior parietal cortex. The severity of space motion sickness symptoms was found to correlate with a post- to pre-flight difference in connectivity between the right supramarginal gyrus and the left anterior insula. Due to the complex nature and rapid dynamics of adaptation to gravity alterations, the post-flight findings might be attributed to both the long-term microgravity exposure and to the readaptation to Earth{\textquoteright}s gravity that took place between the landing and post-flight MRI session. Nevertheless, the results have implications for the multisensory reweighting and gravitational motor system theories, generating hypotheses to be tested in future research.</p>},
	issn = {1664-042X},
	doi = {10.3389/fphys.2019.00761},
	author = {Pechenkova, Ekaterina and Nosikova, Inna and Rumshiskaya, Alena and Litvinova, Liudmila and Rukavishnikov, Ilya and Mershina, Elena and Valentin Sinitsyn and Angelique Van Ombergen and Ben Jeurissen and Steven Jillings and Laureys, Steven and Jan Sijbers and Grishin, Alexey and Chernikova, Ludmila and Naumov, Ivan and Kornilova, Ludmila and Floris L Wuyts and Tomilovskaya, Elena and Kozlovskaya, Inessa}
}
@article {1941,
	title = {Brain ventricular volume changes induced by long-duration spaceflight},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {10531-10536},
	abstract = {Long-duration spaceflight induces detrimental changes in human physiology due to microgravity. One example is a cephalic fluid shift. Here, we prospectively investigated the quantitative changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume of the brain ventricular regions in space crew by means of a region of interest, observer-independent analysis on structural brain MRI scans. MRI scans were collected before the mission, shortly after and 7 mo after return to Earth. We found a significant increase in lateral and third ventricles at postflight and a trend to normalization at follow-up, but still significantly increased ventricular volumes. The observed spatiotemporal pattern of CSF compartment enlargement and recovery points to a reduced CSF resorption in microgravity as the underlying cause.Long-duration spaceflight induces detrimental changes in human physiology. Its residual effects and mechanisms remain unclear. We prospectively investigated the changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume of the brain ventricular regions in space crew by means of a region of interest analysis on structural brain scans. Cosmonaut MRI data were investigated preflight (n = 11), postflight (n = 11), and at long-term follow-up 7 mo after landing (n = 7). Post hoc analyses revealed a significant difference between preflight and postflight values for all supratentorial ventricular structures, i.e., lateral ventricle (mean \% change {\textpm} SE = 13.3 {\textpm} 1.9), third ventricle (mean \% change {\textpm} SE = 10.4 {\textpm} 1.1), and the total ventricular volume (mean \% change {\textpm} SE = 11.6 {\textpm} 1.5) (all P \&lt; 0.0001), with higher volumes at postflight. At follow-up, these structures did not quite reach baseline levels, with still residual increases in volume for the lateral ventricle (mean \% change {\textpm} SE = 7.7 {\textpm} 1.6; P = 0.0009), the third ventricle (mean \% change {\textpm} SE = 4.7 {\textpm} 1.3; P = 0.0063), and the total ventricular volume (mean \% change {\textpm} SE = 6.4 {\textpm} 1.3; P = 0.0008). This spatiotemporal pattern of CSF compartment enlargement and recovery points to a reduced CSF resorption in microgravity as the underlying cause. Our results warrant more detailed and longer longitudinal follow-up. The clinical impact of our findings on the long-term cosmonauts{\textquoteright} health and their relation to ocular changes reported in space travelers requires further prospective studies.},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1820354116},
	url = {https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/05/01/1820354116},
	author = {Angelique Van Ombergen and Steven Jillings and Ben Jeurissen and Tomilovskaya, Elena and Alena Rumshiskaya and Liudmila Litvinova and Nosikova, Inna and Ekaterina V. Pechenkova and Ilya Rukavishnikov and Manko, Olga and Danylichev, Sergey and R{\"u}hl, R. Maxine and Inessa B. Kozlovskaya and Stefan Sunaert and Paul M Parizel and Valentin Sinitsyn and Steven S L Laureys and Jan Sijbers and zu Eulenburg, Peter and Floris L Wuyts}
}
@conference {Wuyts2019-xr,
	title = {Novel insight on effect and recovery of long-duration spaceflight on the ventricles of the space traveller{\textquoteright}s brain},
	volume = {2019},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {IAC{\textendash}19_A1_2_4_x51230},
	publisher = {International Astronautical Federation},
	author = {Floris L Wuyts and Steven Jillings and Angelique Van Ombergen and Ben Jeurissen and Tomilovskaya, Elena and Rumshiskaya, Alena and Litvinova, Liudmila and Nosikova, Inna and Pechenkova, Ekaterina and Rukavishnikov, Ilya and others}
}
@article {1908,
	title = {Brain Tissue{\textendash}Volume Changes in Cosmonauts},
	journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
	volume = {379},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1678 - 1680},
	issn = {0028-4793},
	doi = {10.1056/NEJMc1809011},
	url = {http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc1809011},
	author = {Angelique Van Ombergen and Steven Jillings and Ben Jeurissen and Tomilovskaya, Elena and R{\"u}hl, Maxine and Alena Rumshiskaya and Nosikova, Inna and Liudmila Litvinova and Annen, Jitka and Ekaterina V. Pechenkova and Inessa B. Kozlovskaya and Stefan Sunaert and Paul M Parizel and Valentin Sinitsyn and Steven S L Laureys and Jan Sijbers and zu Eulenburg, Peter and Floris L Wuyts}
}
