@article {1962,
	title = {Cognitive Training in Young Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Fixel-Based Analysis.},
	journal = {Neurorehabil Neural Repair},
	year = {2019},
	month = {2019 Aug 16},
	abstract = {Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with altered white matter organization and impaired cognitive functioning.
We aimed to investigate changes in white matter and cognitive functioning following computerized cognitive training.
Sixteen adolescents with moderate-to-severe TBI (age 15.6 {\textpm} 1.8 years, 1.2-4.6 years postinjury) completed the 8-week BrainGames program and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and cognitive assessment at time point 1 (before training) and time point 2 (after training). Sixteen healthy controls (HC) (age 15.6 {\textpm} 1.8 years) completed DWI assessment at time point 1 and cognitive assessment at time point 1 and 2. Fixel-based analyses were used to examine fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and fiber cross-section (FC) on a whole brain level and in tracts of interest. 
Patients with TBI showed cognitive impairments and extensive areas with decreased FA and increased MD together with an increase in FC in the body of the corpus callosum and left superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) at time point 1. Patients improved significantly on the inhibition measure at time point 2, whereas the HC group remained unchanged. No training-induced changes were observed on the group level in diffusion metrics. Exploratory correlations were found between improvements on verbal working memory and reduced MD of the left SLF and between increased performance on an information processing speed task and increased FA of the right precentral gyrus.

Results are indicative of positive effects of BrainGames on cognitive functioning and provide preliminary evidence for neuroplasticity associated with cognitive improvements following cognitive intervention in TBI.},
	issn = {1552-6844},
	doi = {10.1177/1545968319868720},
	author = {Verhelst, Helena and Giraldo, Diana and Vander Linden, Catharine and Vingerhoets, Guy and Ben Jeurissen and Caeyenberghs, Karen}
}
@article {1634,
	title = {Abnormal wiring of the connectome in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder},
	journal = {Molecular Autism},
	volume = {6},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {65},
	abstract = {Recent brain imaging findings suggest that there are widely distributed abnormalities affecting the brain connectivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using graph theoretical analysis, it is possible to investigate both global and local properties of brain{\textquoteright}s wiring diagram, i.e., the connectome.
We acquired diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data from 14 adult males with high-functioning ASD and 19 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched controls. As with diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography, it is not possible to detect complex (e.g., crossing) fiber configurations, present in 60{\textendash}90 \% of white matter voxels; we performed constrained spherical deconvolution-based whole brain tractography. Unweighted and weighted structural brain networks were then reconstructed from these tractography data and analyzed with graph theoretical measures.
In subjects with ASD, global efficiency was significantly decreased both in the unweighted and the weighted networks, normalized characteristic path length was significantly increased in the unweighted networks, and strength was significantly decreased in the weighted networks. In the local analyses, betweenness centrality of the right caudate was significantly increased in the weighted networks, and the strength of the right superior temporal pole was significantly decreased in the unweighted networks in subjects with ASD.
Our findings provide new insights into understanding ASD by showing that the integration of structural brain networks is decreased and that there are abnormalities in the connectivity of the right caudate and right superior temporal pole in subjects with ASD.},
	keywords = {Autism spectrum disorder, Brain networks, Connectivity, Connectome, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Graph theoretical analysis, Tractography, White matter tract},
	issn = {2040-2392},
	doi = {10.1186/s13229-015-0058-4},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-015-0058-4},
	author = {Roine, Ulrika and Timo Roine and Salmi, Juha and Nieminen-von Wendt, Taina and Tani, Pekka and Lepp{\"a}m{\"a}ki, Sami and Rintahaka, Pertti and Caeyenberghs, Karen and Alexander Leemans and Sams, Mikko}
}
