@article {2431,
	title = {Physiological cerebrospinal fluid interactions between brain and eye structures are altered after long-duration spaceflight},
	journal = {Experimental Physiology},
	year = {2026},
	doi = {http://doi.org/10.1113/EP093112},
	author = {Ge Tang and Steven Jillings and Ben Jeurissen and Elena Tomilovskaya and Inna Nosikova and Alexandra Riabova and Ekaterina V. Pechenkova and Petrovichev, Victor and Ilya Rukavishnikov and Stefan Sunaert and Paul M Parizel and Lyudmila Makovskaya and Valentin Sinitsyn and Jan Sijbers and Jitka Annen and Steven S L Laureys and Angelique Van Ombergen and Seyed-Ahmad Ahmadi and Floris L Wuyts and Peter zu Eulenburg}
}
@article {2270,
	title = {Prolonged microgravity induces reversible and persistent changes on human cerebral connectivity},
	journal = {Communications Biology},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2023},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-04382-w},
	author = {Steven Jillings and Ekaterina V. Pechenkova and Elena Tomilovskaya and Ilya Rukavishnikov and Ben Jeurissen and Angelique Van Ombergen and Nosikova, Inna and Alena Rumshiskaya and Liudmila Litvinova and Annen, Jitka and Chloe De Laet and Catho Schoenmaekers and Jan Sijbers and Petrovichev, Victor and Stefan Sunaert and Paul M Parizel and Valentin Sinitsyn and zu Eulenburg, P and Steven S L Laureys and Athena Demertzi and Floris L Wuyts}
}
@article {2216,
	title = {Brain Connectometry Changes in Space Travelers After Long-Duration Spaceflight},
	journal = {Front. Neural Circuits},
	volume = {16},
	year = {2022},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.3389/fncir.2022.815838},
	author = {Andrei Doroshin and Steven Jillings and Ben Jeurissen and Elena Tomilovskaya and Ekaterina V. Pechenkova and Nosikova, Inna and Alena Rumshiskaya and Liudmila Litvinova and Ilya Rukavishnikov and Chloe De Laet and Catho Schoenmaekers and Jan Sijbers and Steven S L Laureys and Petrovichev, Victor and Angelique Van Ombergen and Jitka Annen and Stefan Sunaert and Paul M Parizel and Valentin Sinitsyn and zu Eulenburg, Peter and Karol Osipowicz and Floris L Wuyts}
}
@article {2215,
	title = {The effect of prolonged Spaceflight on Cerebrospinal Fluid and Perivascular Spaces of Astronauts and Cosmonauts},
	journal = {PNAS},
	volume = {119},
	year = {2022},
	chapter = {e2120439119},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2120439119},
	author = {Giuseppe Barisano and Farshid Sepehrband and Heather R. Collins and Steven Jillings and Ben Jeurissen and Andrew J. Taylor and Catho Schoenmaekers and Chloe De Laet and Ilya Rukavishnikov and Inna Nosikova and Alena Rumshiskaya and Jitka Annen and Jan Sijbers and Steven S L Laureys and Angelique Van Ombergen and Petrovichev, Victor and Valentin Sinitsyn and Ekaterina V. Pechenkova and Alexey Grishin and Peter zu Eulenburg and Meng Law and Stefan Sunaert and Paul M. Parizel and Elena Tomilovskaya and Donna Roberts and Floris L Wuyts}
}
@mastersthesis {2140,
	title = {The impact of long-duration spaceflight on brain structure and function},
	volume = {Doctor of Science},
	year = {2021},
	school = {University of Antwerp},
	type = {PhD thesis},
	abstract = {In over half a century of crewed missions to space, many different effects of spaceflight on the human body have been uncovered so far. However, little focus has been directed to investigating how space stressors affect the human brain. The largest body of work in this dissertation describes pioneering findings on brain structural and functional changes after spaceflight in Roscosmos cosmonauts by means of multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a longitudinal and prospective design. Structural MRI modalities, such as T1-weighted and diffusion MRI, were used to unravel macroscopic volume and microstructural brain tissue composition changes. We found a widespread redistribution of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with secondary mechanistic effects on the grey matter (GM) tissue. We also revealed increased neural tissue volume in motor regions of the brain that suggest evidence for structural brain adaptations, also known as neuroplasticity, associated with altered motor strategies in space. Most CSF changes after spaceflight were still detectable more than half a year after return to Earth, while the GM changes after spaceflight partially reversed in the long term. In addition, functional MRI data was acquired in these cosmonauts to study functional reorganisation of the brain after spaceflight, showing numerous functional connectivity (FC) alterations after spaceflight. Some of these changes persisted in the longer-term, whereas other changes returned back to pre-flight levels. Furthermore, this work also describes the experimental work and preliminary analyses of several Earth-based models. One is a longitudinal MRI pilot study in hindlimb-unloaded (HLU) mice, inducing fluid shifts to the head region, in order to better understand the consequence of these fluid shifts on the brain. A second study was performed in fighter pilots as a model for exposure to high g-levels and sensory conflicts, in which FC was compared to that in a control group. This work rendered a vast increase in available information on structural and functional brain changes after spaceflight compared to several years ago. In the future, the underlying mechanisms of the observed findings need to be understood in more detail. Ultimately, we aim to characterise the effects space stressors have on the brain, to then attempt to mitigate these changes through countermeasures and characterise beneficial coping mechanisms that we can enhance, in order to be fully prepared for future exploration missions into deep space.},
	author = {Steven Jillings}
}
@article {1941,
	title = {Brain ventricular volume changes induced by long-duration spaceflight},
	journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
	volume = {116},
	year = {2019},
	pages = {10531-10536},
	abstract = {Long-duration spaceflight induces detrimental changes in human physiology due to microgravity. One example is a cephalic fluid shift. Here, we prospectively investigated the quantitative changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume of the brain ventricular regions in space crew by means of a region of interest, observer-independent analysis on structural brain MRI scans. MRI scans were collected before the mission, shortly after and 7 mo after return to Earth. We found a significant increase in lateral and third ventricles at postflight and a trend to normalization at follow-up, but still significantly increased ventricular volumes. The observed spatiotemporal pattern of CSF compartment enlargement and recovery points to a reduced CSF resorption in microgravity as the underlying cause.Long-duration spaceflight induces detrimental changes in human physiology. Its residual effects and mechanisms remain unclear. We prospectively investigated the changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume of the brain ventricular regions in space crew by means of a region of interest analysis on structural brain scans. Cosmonaut MRI data were investigated preflight (n = 11), postflight (n = 11), and at long-term follow-up 7 mo after landing (n = 7). Post hoc analyses revealed a significant difference between preflight and postflight values for all supratentorial ventricular structures, i.e., lateral ventricle (mean \% change {\textpm} SE = 13.3 {\textpm} 1.9), third ventricle (mean \% change {\textpm} SE = 10.4 {\textpm} 1.1), and the total ventricular volume (mean \% change {\textpm} SE = 11.6 {\textpm} 1.5) (all P \&lt; 0.0001), with higher volumes at postflight. At follow-up, these structures did not quite reach baseline levels, with still residual increases in volume for the lateral ventricle (mean \% change {\textpm} SE = 7.7 {\textpm} 1.6; P = 0.0009), the third ventricle (mean \% change {\textpm} SE = 4.7 {\textpm} 1.3; P = 0.0063), and the total ventricular volume (mean \% change {\textpm} SE = 6.4 {\textpm} 1.3; P = 0.0008). This spatiotemporal pattern of CSF compartment enlargement and recovery points to a reduced CSF resorption in microgravity as the underlying cause. Our results warrant more detailed and longer longitudinal follow-up. The clinical impact of our findings on the long-term cosmonauts{\textquoteright} health and their relation to ocular changes reported in space travelers requires further prospective studies.},
	issn = {0027-8424},
	doi = {10.1073/pnas.1820354116},
	url = {https://www.pnas.org/content/early/2019/05/01/1820354116},
	author = {Angelique Van Ombergen and Steven Jillings and Ben Jeurissen and Tomilovskaya, Elena and Alena Rumshiskaya and Liudmila Litvinova and Nosikova, Inna and Ekaterina V. Pechenkova and Ilya Rukavishnikov and Manko, Olga and Danylichev, Sergey and R{\"u}hl, R. Maxine and Inessa B. Kozlovskaya and Stefan Sunaert and Paul M Parizel and Valentin Sinitsyn and Steven S L Laureys and Jan Sijbers and zu Eulenburg, Peter and Floris L Wuyts}
}
@article {1908,
	title = {Brain Tissue{\textendash}Volume Changes in Cosmonauts},
	journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
	volume = {379},
	year = {2018},
	pages = {1678 - 1680},
	issn = {0028-4793},
	doi = {10.1056/NEJMc1809011},
	url = {http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMc1809011},
	author = {Angelique Van Ombergen and Steven Jillings and Ben Jeurissen and Tomilovskaya, Elena and R{\"u}hl, Maxine and Alena Rumshiskaya and Nosikova, Inna and Liudmila Litvinova and Annen, Jitka and Ekaterina V. Pechenkova and Inessa B. Kozlovskaya and Stefan Sunaert and Paul M Parizel and Valentin Sinitsyn and Steven S L Laureys and Jan Sijbers and zu Eulenburg, Peter and Floris L Wuyts}
}
@conference {1949,
	title = {Changes in intrinsic functional brain connectivity after first-time exposure to parabolic flight},
	year = {2018},
	doi = {10.3389/conf.fphys.2018.26.00017},
	author = {Angelique Van Ombergen and Floris L Wuyts and Ben Jeurissen and Jan Sijbers and Floris Vanhevel and Steven Jillings and Paul M Parizel and Stefan Sunaert and Paul H Van de Heyning and Vincent Dousset and Steven S L Laureys and Athena Demertzi}
}
@article {1752,
	title = {Altered functional brain connectivity in patients with visually induced dizziness},
	journal = {NeuroImage: Clinical},
	volume = {14},
	year = {2017},
	pages = {538{\textendash}545},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2017.02.020},
	author = {Angelique Van Ombergen and Lizette Heine and Steven Jillings and Edward Roberts and Ben Jeurissen and V. Van Rompaey and Viviana Mucci and Stefanie Vanhecke and Jan Sijbers and Floris Vanhevel and Stefan Sunaert and Mohamed Ali Bahri and Paul M Parizel and Paul H Van de Heyning and Steven S L Laureys and Floris L Wuyts}
}
@article {1762,
	title = {Intrinsic connectivity reduces in vestibular-related regions after first-time exposure to short-term gravitational alterations},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	volume = {7},
	year = {2017},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-017-03170-5},
	author = {Angelique Van Ombergen and Floris L Wuyts and Ben Jeurissen and Jan Sijbers and Floris Vanhevel and Steven Jillings and Paul M Parizel and Stefan Sunaert and Paul H Van de Heyning and Vincent Dousset and Steven S L Laureys and Athena Demertzi}
}
