@article {1421,
	title = {The anatomy of the clavicle: A Three-dimensional Cadaveric Study},
	journal = {Clinical anatomy},
	volume = {27},
	year = {2014},
	month = {2013 Oct 21},
	pages = {712{\textendash}723},
	abstract = {The clavicle has a complex osteologic structure that makes morphological analysis extremely difficult. A three-dimensional study was conducted to examine the anatomical variations and characteristics of the bone. Sixty-eight human cadaver clavicles were dissected, CAT-scanned, and reconstructed. An automated parameterization and correspondence shape analysis system was developed. A new length, designated as centerline (CL) length, was defined and measured. This length represents the true length of the clavicle. The endpoint length was measured as the distance between two endpoints. The width and curvature were measured in the axial (AX) and frontal (FR) plane and defined along the CL. Next gender and side characteristics and variations were examined. The mean CL length was 159.0 {\textpm} 11.0 mm. The mean endpoint length was 149.4 {\textpm} 10.3 mm, which was statistically significantly shorter than the CL. The male clavicle was significantly longer (166.8 {\textpm} 7.3 mm vs. 151.0 {\textpm} 8.2 mm), wider (14.6 {\textpm} 1.5 mm vs. 12.7 {\textpm} 1.3 mm lateral FR plane, 25.9 {\textpm} 4.1 mm vs. 23.5 {\textpm} 3.0 mm lateral AX plane and 24.7 {\textpm} 2.8 mm vs. 22.8 {\textpm} 2.8 mm medial AX plane), and more curved (10.8 {\textpm} 2.8 mm vs. 8.6 {\textpm} 2.3 mm medial and 10.5 {\textpm} 3.3 mm vs. 9.1 {\textpm} 2.5 mm lateral) than the female one. Left clavicles were significant longer (159.8 {\textpm} 10.9 mm vs. 158.0 {\textpm} 11.2 mm) than right clavicles. A novel three-dimensional system was developed, used and tested in order to explore the anatomical variations and characteristics of the human clavicle. This information, together with the automated system, can be applied to future clavicle populations and to the design of fixation plates for clavicle fractures. Clin. Anat., 2013. {\textcopyright} 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.},
	issn = {1098-2353},
	doi = {10.1002/ca.22288},
	author = {Amit Bernat and Toon Huysmans and Francis Van Glabbeek and Jan Sijbers and Gielen, Jan and Van Tongel, Alexander}
}
@article {1488,
	title = {Evaluation of prominence of straight plates and precontoured clavicle plates using automated plate-to-bone fitting},
	journal = {Acta Orthopaedica Belgica},
	volume = {80},
	year = {2014},
	pages = {301-308},
	author = {Van Tongel, Alexander and Toon Huysmans and Amit Bernat and Iwein Piepers and Jan Sijbers and Francis Van Glabbeek and Lieven De Wilde}
}
@conference {1303,
	title = {Mediolateral shape and curvature analysis of the clavicle},
	year = {2011},
	month = {June},
	author = {Van Tongel, Alexander and Toon Huysmans and Amit Bernat and Jan Sijbers and Francis Van Glabbeek}
}
@conference {BernatthuysmanGlabbeekjsijbersrpinhoGielen2009,
	title = {Exploring the Clavicle: Morphometric Differences Using a 3D Model},
	year = {2009},
	month = {February},
	address = {Las Vegas,Nevada},
	author = {Amit Bernat and Toon Huysmans and Francis Van Glabbeek and Jan Sijbers and R{\^o}mulo Pinho and Jan L Gielen}
}
@article {1614,
	title = {Osteologic exploration of the clavicle: a new approach},
	journal = {The FASEB Journal},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2009},
	edition = { (1_MeetingAbstracts)},
	chapter = {LB9},
	abstract = {Introduction Clavicles have a complex osteologic structure which makes a morphometric analysis extremely difficult. Our analysis shows the exact measurements and variations of the clavicle.

Materials and Methods 90 clavicles were dissected, CAT scanned and reconstructed. All measurements were automatically performed. The length and curvatures were calculated around the central line and for each cross-section the average, sagittal and axial diameter was calculated.

Results The average length is 163{\textpm}11 mm. For the length, there is a 9\% difference between the gender and 1.2\% between the left and right clavicle. Between the genders there is a volume difference of 36\%. The extremities show the biggest diameter, this decrease as approaching to the inflexion point, which is the smallest average diameter. In the axial view the acromial curvature is shorter and more curved than the sternal one. In males, the maximum acromial curvature has a difference of 18\% and the maximum sternal curvature a difference of 4\% compared with the females. In the coronal view there is a concave curvature with a maximum of 6 mm. In females the acromial end bends more posteroinferiorly.

Discussion This is the first 3D analysis performed on the clavicle. Females have a smaller clavicle with a shorter and less curved acromial curvature and a posteroinferior bending. The right clavicle is slightly shorter, thicker and more robust.},
	author = {Hilde Elisa Bortier and Amit Bernat and Toon Huysmans and Francis Van Glabbeek and Jan Sijbers and R{\^o}mulo Pinho and Gielen, Jan and Guy Hubens}
}
@conference {thuysmanBernatrpinhojsijbersGlabbeeckParizelBortier2008,
	title = {A Framework for Morphometric Analysis of Long Bones: Application to the Human Clavicle},
	year = {2008},
	month = {March},
	author = {Toon Huysmans and Amit Bernat and R{\^o}mulo Pinho and Jan Sijbers and Francis Van Glabbeek and Paul M Parizel and H. Bortier}
}
@conference {thuysmanBernatGlabbeekjsijbersGielenBortier2008,
	title = {Left-Right and Gender Analysis of The Human Clavicle, A Problem in Developing an Anatomical Plate?},
	year = {2008},
	month = {September},
	pages = {101},
	address = {Brugge, Belgium},
	author = {Toon Huysmans and Amit Bernat and Francis Van Glabbeek and Jan Sijbers and Jan L Gielen and H. Bortier}
}
@inproceedings {BernatthuysmanGlabbeekjsijbersBortierGielen2008,
	title = {Morphometric Study of the Human Clavicle for the Development of an Anatomical Plate},
	booktitle = {54th Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society},
	year = {2008},
	month = {March},
	address = {San Francisco, Ca, United States},
	author = {Amit Bernat and Toon Huysmans and Francis Van Glabbeek and Jan Sijbers and H. Bortier and Jan L Gielen}
}
@inproceedings {thuysmanBernatjsijbersParizelGlabbeekVerdonk2006,
	title = {Shape Analysis of the Human Clavicle for the Development of a Set of osteosynthesis Plates},
	booktitle = {Belgian Day on Biomedical Engineering - IEEE/EMBS Benelux Symposium},
	year = {2006},
	month = {December},
	pages = {128-129},
	address = {Brussels, Belgium},
	author = {Toon Huysmans and Amit Bernat and Jan Sijbers and Paul M Parizel and Francis Van Glabbeek and B. Verdonk}
}
