@article {1634,
	title = {Abnormal wiring of the connectome in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder},
	journal = {Molecular Autism},
	volume = {6},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {65},
	abstract = {Recent brain imaging findings suggest that there are widely distributed abnormalities affecting the brain connectivity in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using graph theoretical analysis, it is possible to investigate both global and local properties of brain{\textquoteright}s wiring diagram, i.e., the connectome.
We acquired diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging data from 14 adult males with high-functioning ASD and 19 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched controls. As with diffusion tensor imaging-based tractography, it is not possible to detect complex (e.g., crossing) fiber configurations, present in 60{\textendash}90 \% of white matter voxels; we performed constrained spherical deconvolution-based whole brain tractography. Unweighted and weighted structural brain networks were then reconstructed from these tractography data and analyzed with graph theoretical measures.
In subjects with ASD, global efficiency was significantly decreased both in the unweighted and the weighted networks, normalized characteristic path length was significantly increased in the unweighted networks, and strength was significantly decreased in the weighted networks. In the local analyses, betweenness centrality of the right caudate was significantly increased in the weighted networks, and the strength of the right superior temporal pole was significantly decreased in the unweighted networks in subjects with ASD.
Our findings provide new insights into understanding ASD by showing that the integration of structural brain networks is decreased and that there are abnormalities in the connectivity of the right caudate and right superior temporal pole in subjects with ASD.},
	keywords = {Autism spectrum disorder, Brain networks, Connectivity, Connectome, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Graph theoretical analysis, Tractography, White matter tract},
	issn = {2040-2392},
	doi = {10.1186/s13229-015-0058-4},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13229-015-0058-4},
	author = {Roine, Ulrika and Timo Roine and Salmi, Juha and Nieminen-von Wendt, Taina and Tani, Pekka and Lepp{\"a}m{\"a}ki, Sami and Rintahaka, Pertti and Caeyenberghs, Karen and Alexander Leemans and Sams, Mikko}
}
@article {1518,
	title = {Constrained spherical deconvolution-based tractography and tract-based spatial statistics show abnormal microstructural organization in Asperger syndrome},
	journal = {Molecular Autism},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {4},
	abstract = {Background: The aim of this study was to investigate potential differences in neural structure in individuals with Asperger syndrome (AS), high-functioning individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The main symptoms in AS are severe impairments in social interaction, and restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities. Methods: Diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging data was acquired for 14 adult males with AS and 19 age, gender and IQ-matched controls. Voxel-wise group differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) were studied with Tract-Based Spatial
Statistics (TBSS). Based on the results of TBSS, a tract-level comparison was performed with constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD)-based tractography, which is able to detect complex (e.g. crossing) fiber configurations. In addition, to investigate the relationship between the microstructural changes and the severity of symptoms, we looked for correlations between FA and Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Empathy Quotient and Systemizing Quotient. Results: TBSS revealed widely distributed local increases in FA bilaterally in individuals with AS, most prominent in the temporal part of superior longitudinal fasciculus, corticospinal tract, splenium of corpus callosum, anterior thalamic radiation, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFO), posterior thalamic radiation, uncinate fasciculus and inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). CSD-based tractography also showed increases in the FA in multiple tracts. However, only the difference in the left ILF was significant after a Bonferroni correction. These results were not explained by the complexity of microstructural organization, measured using the planar diffusion coefficient. In addition, we found a correlation between AQ and FA in the right IFO in the whole group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that there are local and tract-level abnormalities in WM microstructure in our homogenous and carefully characterized group of adults with AS, most prominent in the left ILF.},
	doi = {10.1186/2040-2392-6-4},
	url = {http://www.molecularautism.com/content/6/1/4},
	author = {Roine, Ulrika and Salmi, Juha and Timo Roine and Nieminen-von Wendt, Taina and Lepp{\"a}m{\"a}ki, Sami and Rintahaka, Pertti and Tani, Pekka and Alexander Leemans and Sams, Mikko}
}
@article {1412,
	title = {Increased coherence of white matter fiber tract organization in adults with Asperger syndrome: A diffusion tensor imaging study},
	journal = {Autism Research},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2013},
	pages = {642-650},
	chapter = {642},
	doi = {10.1002/aur.1332},
	author = {Roine, Ulrika and Timo Roine and Salmi, Juha and Nieminen-von Wendt, Taina and Lepp{\"a}m{\"a}ki, Sami and Rintahaka, Pertti and Tani, Pekka and Alexander Leemans and Sams, Mikko}
}
@article {1413,
	title = {Reelin Associated With Restricted and Stereotyped Behavior Based on Principal Component Analysis on Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised},
	journal = {Autism - Open Access},
	volume = {3},
	year = {2013},
	chapter = {107},
	url = {http://www.omicsgroup.org/journals/2165-7890/2165-7890-3-107.pdf},
	author = {Roine, Ulrika and Ripatti, Samuli and Rehnstr{\"o}m, Karola and Timo Roine and Kilpinen, Helena and Surakka, Ida and Wedenoja, Juho and Ylisaukko-oja, Tero and Kempas, Elli and Wessman, Jaana and Moilanen, Irma and Mattila, Marja-Leena and Kielinen, Marko and Jussila, Katja and Suomalainen, Saara and Pulkkinen, Esko and von Wendt, Lennart and Peltonen, Leena}
}
@conference {1415,
	title = {DTI-based Classification of Affection Status in Asperger Syndrome.},
	year = {2012},
	author = {Roine, Ulrika and Timo Roine and Salmi, Juha and Nieminen-von Wendt, Taina and Lepp{\"a}m{\"a}ki, Sami and Rintahaka, Pertti and Tani, Pekka and Sams, Mikko}
}
